Rotary oil burner



June 7, 1932- s. cHADwlcK ET Al. 1,861,953

ROTARY O IL BURNER June 7, 1932- s. cHADwlcK ET AL 1,861,953

' ROTARY OTL BURNER Filed May 3l,4 1928 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 S. G\ @Tl Q R) QS u Q@ SQ m S SQ iw Q n --.+V |\m,\| n l l l l l l l I l u l n l n n l. -..LI N\ n- N\ l n 1 l l l 1 |||1 @En uw l mv N R June 7, 1932. L. s. CHADWICK ET AL 1,861,953

ROTARY OIL BURNER Filed May 5l, 1928 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 June 7, 1932.

L. S. C--IADWICK ET AL ROTARY OIL BURNER Filed May 3l, 1928 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 June 7,' 1932- L. s. cHADwlcK E'T AL 1,861,953

ROTARY OIL BURNER 9 .sheetssheet 5 Filed May 3l, 1928 Jne 7, 19,32.

L. CHADWICK ET AL ROTARY OIL BURNER Filed May' 51, 1928 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 June 7, 1932- s. cHADWlcK ET Al. 1,861,953

ROTARY OIL BURNER Filed May 3l, 1928 i zeets-Sheet 7 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 gnwmom, i 529W A n I June 7, 1932.

L. S. CHADWICK ET AL ROTARY OIL BURNER Filed May 3l,

June 7, 1932. L SCHADWICK ET AL 1,861,953

ROTARY OIL BURNER Filed May 5l, 1928 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 fle/ l??? Syvum/dots, i LW l Glicine S Patented June 7, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LEE S. CHADWICX, F SHAKER HEIGHTS VILLAGE, MARC RESEK, 0F CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, AND JOHN ALGER DAHLSTROM,

OF EAST CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNORS T0 PERFECTION STOVE COMPANY, OIF-CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION 0F OHIO ROTARY OIL BURNER Application mea May a1, 192s. serial No.12s1,94s.

The invention relates to oil burning apparatus of the class known as rotary oil burners in which the fuel oil is hurled outwardly from the rim of a spinning cup in a substantially horizontal sheet and ignited, air being supplied in suitable quantity to promote combustion.

Heretofore, in apparatus of this character,

i considerable trouble and annoyance has been caused by the formation and accumulation of carbon on the burner cup due to the intense heat to which the cup is subjected.'

lVhen the cup would become highly heated, a part of the oil iowing thereover and any oil left on the wall of the cup when the burner was stopped would carbonize and cake, and in a relatively short time the cup would become so coated with carbon that it would make it necessary to scrape out the carbon and clean the cup, in some cases requiring the dismantling of the burner.

It is the main object of our present invention to obviate this difficulty by shielding the cup from the intense heat of the burner flame and prevent the hot products of combustion from circulating into the cups and ventilating it so as to maintain it relatively cool, under which circumstances there is little tendency for carbon to form on the cup.

Further objects of our invention are to provide oil burning apparatus of the character above referred to that is adapted for use with practically all types of furnaces or boilers without any appreciable alteration having to be made in the standard constructions thereof; that is very eflicient; that is relatively simple of construction; that is so constructed as to facilitate removal of the burner without disturbing the hearth; that incorporates means that are especially convenient of manipulation for adjusting the oil flow and the air supply; that involves a unique and very effectual oil feed, capable of a very fine and accurate adjustment, so that the maximum of efficiency and a highly satisfactory flame may be effected with the minimum fuel consumption; that embodies means for pumping fuel oil in excess of that consumed and that involves simple and reliable means that are positive of action for handling the excess oil pumped; and to provide oil burning apparatus of the aforesaid character that is very quiet of operation and requires the minimum of attention.

The objects above enumerated, with others that will appear as this description proceeds, are attained in the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein Figs. 1 and 1a (on sheets 1 and 2, respectively) represent a plan view of our improved oil burnmg apparat-us with the air collar broken away and the hearth removed; Figs. 2 and 2a (appearing on'the respective sheets 1 and 2) represent a sectional side elevation of the apparatus; Fig. 3 is a sectional rear elevation of the same; Figs. 4 and 5 are, respectively, a detail in side elevation, and a detail in plan, of the upper portion of the burner housing showing the cam grooves involved in the air collar adjustment; Fig. 6 is a detail of the air collar adjusting lever; Fig. 7 is a fragmentary central vertical section through the apparatus on a scale somewhat enlar ed over that of the preceding views; Figs. g and 8 are sectional details on the lines 7-7a and 8 8, respectively, of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is a plan view of the rear end of the bed with the oil basin therebelow, and includes parts of the fuel oil and lubricating oil supply pipes and a part of the fuel oil drain pipe; Fig. 10 'is a top plan view of the oil basin that is shown applied to the bottom of the bed in Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a bottom plan view of the housing that surmounts the basin; Fig. 12 is a much enlarged detail in bottom plan of the oil elevating screw; Fig. 13 shows the lower end of said screw in elevation; Fig. 14 is a transverse vertical section, on the same scale as Fig. 7, through the fuel oil reservoir and the adjacent portion of the apparatus, as indicated by the line 14-14 of Fig. la; Fig. 15 is a section, substantially on the line 15-15 of Fig. 1a, 'showing the lubricating oil reservoir in side elevation; Fig. 16 is an enlarged side elevation of the burner cup assembly; Fig. 17 is a plan view of the burner cup assembly with parts broken away to reveal certain structural features; Fig. 18 is a central vertical section through a modified form of the burner cup; Figs. 19

bed in line with the oil Figs. 1, 1a and 2, 2 will be lreferred to as the rear end, because it is the end that supports the burner, proper, and is disposed inside the furnace or boiler that is to be fired by the apparatus. The bed preferably consists of a casting and is surrounded by a fiange 2 and is widened at its forward end for the support of the fuel oil and lubricating oil reservoirs, as will more fully appear hereinafter. Adjacent its rear end, the bed is provided with a relatively large opening 3, and a smaller opening 4, and secured to the underside of the bed in register with said openings is an oil basin 5, shown in detail in Fig. 10. said basin having fuel oil and lubricating oil depressions 6 and 7 that correspond in area and shape with the respective openings 3 and 4 of the bed. A lubricating oil supply pipe or conduit 8 has its rear end connected to a hollow boss 9 of the oil basin 5 and communicates therethrough with the depression 7 ,and a fuel oil supply pipe or conduit 10 enters the depression 6 through a hollow boss formed in the side wall of the basin. The latter depression also communicates` through a forwardly extending hollow boss 11, with a drain pipe 12.

A supporting structure or housing, designated generally by the reference numeral 15, surmounts the rear end of the bed 1 and considering both in plan, its bottom is of substantially the same size and shape asthe oil basin 5. As will appear best from Fig. 11, the bottom of the housing has openings 16 and 17 that are of the same. area and shape as the respective openings 3 and 4 of the bed, and they register with said openings when the housing is properly mounted. l

The flanged upper edge of the basin 5, the bed 1, and the bottom of the housing 15 have a series of aligned holes 18 through which screws 20 are engaged for binding the A parts together with a leak proof joint, suitable gaskets being disposed between the mating faces of the parts for effecting oil tight joints.

The housing 15 consists of a hollow casting and its interior is divided by a partition 23 into a fuel oil chamber 24 and a lubricating oil chamber 25. rlhe fuel oil chamber 24 includes also the opening 3 ofthe bed 1 and the depression 6 of the basin 5, while the lubricating openin of the asin, as appears best from Fig. 8.

A circular openingin the top wall of the housing 15 is occupied by a ring-like fitting 26 that is flanged inwardly at its inner end and contains an anti-friction bearing 27, surlnounted by an oil arrester 28, the oil arrester and fitting 26 being secured to the housing by screws 29. An anti-friction bearing 30 is sustained below and in axial ali nment with the bearing 27 by means o? a support 31 that extends forwardly from the rear wall of the housing. A tubular shaft, termed the burner tube by reason of its function, and designated 35, is rotatably supported by the anti-friction bearings 27 and 30, and its lower end is journaled in a ring nut 36 that is screwed upwardly into a threaded opening in the horizontal portion of the previously mentioned partition 23. Mounted on the burner tube 35, immediately below the bearing 30, and secured thereto against rotation. as by means of a key 37, is a bevel .pinion 38, and the inwardly flanged upper end of a cylindrical shell 39 is clamped between said pinion and a circumferential enlargement 40 on the burner tube. The tube 35 is reduced somewhat in diameter below the enlargement 40 and is surrounded by two concentric sleeves 41 and 41 that have their lower ends fixed within counterbores of corresponding diameter in the ring nut 36. The space between the sleeves 41 and 41a opens at its lower end through one or more holes 41b into the oil chamber 24. The purpose of the shell 39 and sleeve 41 will presently appear. A spacer 43 surrounds the burner tube immediately below the bearing 27 and is -clamped between said bearing 27 and the bearing 30.

Screwed on to the upper end of the burner tube is a tubular head 45 that constitutes a part of the burner cup assembly, and for a distance above its threaded portion, the bore of said head is downwardly convergent. A flange 46 surrounds the upper end of the head 45, and secured to said flanges is the burner cup 50. This cup is in the shape of an inverted bell and is preferably constructed of sheet metal of suitable gauge and quality, and the inner surface of its bottom wall is located substantially flush with the top edge of the head 45 by reason of the fact that the flange 46 is spaced from said end a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the material whereof the cup 50 is formed. At suitably spaced points about the bottom wall of the cup, eyelets 51 are extended through aligned apertures in said bottom wall and the flange 46. These eyelets serve not only as rivetsfor securing the cup to the head but their bores constitute what we shall hereinafter refer to as air ducts 52.

The edge portion of the flange 46 is reduced oil chamber 25 embraces the 4 of the bed and the depression 7 in thickness, and to the underneath side of said portion is fastened, as by rivets 51, the hub of a spider having outwardly and upwardly turned arms 56 that carry a hoop 57 on which fan blades 58 are mounted, the straight lower portions of the blades being inclined to the axis of the burner cup while the chords of their curved upper portions extend parallel to the cups axis, as best shown in Fig. 16. A fan of a very satisfactory character is thus effected, although a more simple alternative construction might be followed in which the blades are attached to the wall of the cup 50. as hereinafter described in connection with the modification illustrated in Fig. 18. The fan operates within the opening of an air collar 60. The air collar is formed with an annular top whose upper surface is shown as fiat excepting for a. relatively shallow bead that surrounds its inner periphery and that is adapted to be machined in the finishing of the collar so as to provide awell defined edge for the air opening. The body portion, provided with air inlet openings 61, converges downwardly and terminates in an inwardly directed flange 62 that rests within a rabbeted groove in the upper edge of an air collar adjusting ring 63 that surrounds the top of the housing 15. Cam grooves 64 are formed in inclined enlargements 65 of the housing 15 and are occupied by the inner ends of two pins 66 (Fig. 2) and a screw 67 (Fig. 1) that are extended through the ring 63. T he screw 67 has a spherical head 68 that occupies the slot in the bifurcated upper end of an air collar adjusting lever 69, shown in detail in Fig. 6. This lever is pivotally connected at 70 to the side of the housing 15 and terminates at its lower end in a fork 71 by and between the branches of which is supported for oscillation a block 72 having a threaded bore within which operates the threaded rear end of an air collar adjustingl rod 73.

Slidably mounted for vertical adjustment within the lower end of the burner tube 35 is an oil elevating screw 75. This screw has a relatively steep and wide thread that extends a substantial distance above the lower end of its body portion and above said thread the body portion is flattened on four sides or squared, so to speak, as shown at 7 5a in Figs. 7 and 7a. The screw is* thus well supported and guided within the burner tube at all times. The lower Aextremity of the screw is reduced in diameter and formed with a head 76 (Figs. 7, 12 and 1.3). A straight slot 77 is milled or otherwise formed in they head 76 and opens through the bottoni thereof, the same being of a width to comfortably receive the reduced forwardly extended end 78 of a rod 79. As Imore clearly appears from Figs. l2 and 13, a cylindrical bore extends transversely through the head 7 6 at the upper end of theslot 77, and its axis is at an angle to that of the slot. It is this bore that is occupied by the end of rod 79 when 'the parts are in operative condition, and the interlocking thus effected between the rod and screw serves to prevent the screw from turning with respect to the burner tube and from lifting with the oil. From the head 76 the aforesaid rod 79 extends rearwardly and thence upwardly through apertures in vertically spaced parts of the housing 15, the rod passing out of said housing through the upper of said parts, and its adjacent end is threaded for the application of a trunnioned nut 80 that reposes within the forked end of a lever 81, pivotally connected at 82 to the housing 15. The branches of the forked end of said level' have notches that accommodate the trunnions of the nut 80, as appears in Fig. Journaled within an apertured lug 83 that extends from the side of the housing 15 is the rear end of an oil feed screw adjusting rod 8.4 and to the rearward extremity of which is .fixed a crank arm 85. A link 86 connects the outer end of the crank arm with the end of the previously mentioned lever 81 opposite that to which is connected the rod 79. A spindle 87 has its lower end secured to the oil elevating screw 75, as by being screwed into the top of the same, and it extends upwardly through the burner tube 35 and terminates a short distance above the top thereof.

Mounted within the burner cup 5() is a unit that may be termed a shield and the same is designated generally by the numeral 90. Its primary purpose is to protect the cup from the intense heat of the vburner flame and the products of combustion, and its secondary purpose is to so direct the currents of air passing through the cup as to properly ventilatevthe latter and maintain it relatively cool.

As illustrated in detail in Figs. 7, 16 and 17, the shield 90 consists of a shell 91, a hollow shank 92 whereon said shell is mounted, and a cover 93 that is applied to the top of the shell. The shell 91 and the cover 93 are preferably formed of sheet metal, the peripheryof the latter being crimped about the rim of the former for securing the parts together. Shown as disposedcentrally within the shell 91 is a cylindrical air deflector 95 having a bottom wall that is engaged with the corresponding wall of the shell 91 and with-the latter is secured by rivets 96 to the flanged upper end of the'stem 92. The superposed parts of the defiector, shell and flange are provided with air holes 97. Fan blades 98 depend from the cover 93 between the upper edges of the delector 95 and the shell 91. A series of relatively small apertures 99 are formed in the cover adjacent its edge, and

vspaced inwardly from the edge of the shell 91 are similar apertures 100. The lower end of the shank 92 is enlarged and tapered to fit within the downwardly converging bore of the head 45, and its peripheral portion is formed with grooves or channels 101 to permit the passage of oil upwardly along the inner wall of said head.

Fitted into an opening in the front wall of the housing 15 is a unit 105, whose enlarged frusto-conical inner end is surrounded by a flange 106 that is attached by screws 107 to the housing, the joint between the parts being sealed by a gasket. The forward end of said unit is cylindrical and open, and occupying saidA end is a fitting 108. A flange surrounds the inner end of said tting and an anti-friction bearing 110 is clamped between said flange and an oil arrester 111 that is applied to the outer end of the fitting. Screws 112 pass through aligned holes in circumferential flanges o'f the arrester and fitting and are threaded into the unit 105. Vithin an aperture in the inner end portion. of said unit is sustained an anti-friction bearing 115 in which and the previously mentioned bearing 110 is supported a shaft 116. The extreme inner end of the shaft 116 is formed with a head 117 and mounted on said shaft between said head and the bearing 115 is a bevel gear 118 that meshes with the previously mentioned pinion 38. The gear is secured against rotation on the shaft, as by means of a key 119. An oil deflector 120 surrounds the shaft immediately inwardly of the bearing 110 and a spacer 121 extends from said deflcctor to the bearing 115. Outwardly beyond the bearing 110 the shaft is threaded for the application of a nut 122 between which and the head 117 the foregoing parts are clamped.

The forward end of the shaft 116 is connected, through flexible couplings 125 and 126 anda shaft section 127, with the rear end of the shaft 128 of an electric motor 129 that is mounted on the forward end of the bed 1 and receives current through suitable conductors (not shown). The forward end of the motor shaft 128 has driving connection, through a coupling 130, with the shaft 131 of a fuel oil pump 132 that is mounted on the bed.

Secured to the left hand side of the forward end of the bed 1, as the apparatus is viewed from the front, is a fuel oil reservoir designated generally by the numeral 135, and consisting of a box-like casing that is divided by a partition 136 into an oil chamber 137 (Fig. 2a) and a compartment 138. Supported for rocking movement upon fulcrums 139 (Fig. 14) in the compartment 138 is a receptacle 140 which has a counterbalancing weight 140a applied to its end nearest the fulcruins. The oil chamber 137 overflows, through a spout 141 into the receptacle 140. Set off from the forward top portion of the compartment 138, by a partition 143 is a space 144 to which a fuel oil supply pipe or conduit 145 leads from a suitable storage tank wardly into the chamber by a baffle 148 to aid the precipitation of any sediment entering with the oil.

The top wall of the reservoir 135 and the partition 143 have aligned, threaded apertures within the latter of which is supported a valve casing 150 from which a tube 151 descends withln the receptacle 140 to a point adjacent the bottom thereof. A valve 152 is reciprocable within the casing 150 and the same is adapted to be depressed against a seat 153 of the casing by means of a spring 154 that surround-s the tube 151 and is compressed between the lower end of the head 150 and a unit 155 that is secured to the lower end of the stem 156 of the valve 152, the unit 155 having perforations 157 through which oil may enter the tube 151. rl`he valve assembly is accessible through the aforesaid opening in the top wall of the reservoir 135, which opening is adapted to be closed by a screw plug 159. The oil chamber 137 communicates, through the previously mentioned pipe or conduit 10, with the chamber 24 of the burner housing 15. y

It is intended that the fuel oil pump 132 shall have a capacity at all times equal to or greater than the fuel oil consumption of the burner. Yhen the apparatus is in operation, and assuming that therel is little or no oil in the receptacle 140 so that, under the infiuence of the spring 154 whose power is transmitted through the lower end of the valve stem 156 to the bottom wall of the receptacle 140, the receptacle is tilted to the position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 14, and, due to these circumstances, the valve 152 is engaged with the seat 153, oil is drawn through the pipe or conduit 145 from the source of supply, and through the space 144 and pipe or conduit 146 to the pump 132, and from the pump the oil is expelled through the pipe or conduit 147 to the oil chamber 137. The oil rises within the chamber 137 until it overflows through the spout 141 into the receptacle 140, the height of the overflow spoilt thus establishing the oil level in the chamber 137 as well as in the chamber 24 of the burner housing 15, by reason of the free communication established between the two chambers 24 and 137 through the pipe 10. As the oil accumulates within the rec-eptacle 140, the same is overbalanced in opposition to the influence of the weight 140a more or less toward the full line position in Fig. 14, and through this tilting action of the receptacle the spring 154 is compressed and the valve 152 lifted from the seat 153, whereupon the demand of the pump 132 may be satisfied directly from the receptacle Leonessa 140, the tiow from the receptacle to the pump being by way of the apertures 157, the tube 151, the valve casing 150 over the top of which the oil discharges through the recess in the plug 159 into the space 144 `from whence it is drawn through the pipe or conduit 146 to the pump. It will be seen therefore that when the receptacle 140 is depressed under the load of an accumulation of oil therein, there is a circulation of oil from the pump through the, pipe or conduit 147, chamber 137, receptacle 140, past the, valve 152. and through the space 144 and pipe or conduit 146 to the pump. lVhile this condition prevails only oil ot such' an amount is drawn from the source through the pipe or conduit 145 lto compensate for that being withdrawn from the. reservoir to satisfy the demands ot' the burner.

Access to the chamber 137, in the innnediate region of the overfiow spout 141. may be had through an opening 169 in the top wall of the I reservoir 135 that is normally closed by a plate 161. held in piace by screws .162; and connected. by a hinge designated generaliy by the reference numeral 1921. to one edge of the plate 161 is a cover 1135 that closes the open top of the entirelefthand side of the reservoir, as the latter is viewed in Fig. 14. and said cover is held closed by latches 166.

Supported by the front end ot' the bed 1 opposite the fuel oil receptacle 135 is lubricating oil" tank 170 that is equipped with a filling opening closed by a plug 171 and having communication through a pipe or conduit 172 with the previously mentioned pipe. or conduit 8 that leads to the depression 7 in the basin 5, said basin constituting a part of the lubricating oil chamber or compartment 25 ofthe housing 15. The pipe or conduit 172 leads through an opening 173 in the bed 1 to make connection with a T 174 that constitutes a part ofthe pipe or conduit 8,' the latter extending forwardly from said T through the flange 2 at the end of the bed 1 where it is closed by a cap 175. Thus a drain is provided for the lubricating 'oil chamber of the burner housing. The drain pipe 12 oi the tuel oil chamber yextends forwardly paraliel with the pipe 8 through the flange te 'front oi the bed audit, also.v is closed a .ap 176.

v The previously mentioned air collar adjusting rod 73 is journaled at its forward end in a hanger 178 that is carried by the forward end ot" the lubricating oil tank 170. and be` vond said hanger has fastened to it a head 179 for the application of a key or wrench by which the rod may be turned to adjust the air collar for a purpose that will presently appear. The for-ward end of the oil yelevating screw adjusting rod 84 is journaled in a bracket 189` that extends from theV adjacent side of the base of the fuel oil pump 132 (Fig. 14). and within a hollow boss of the bracket 180 is housed a ball 181, depressed by a spring 182 that bears at its upper end against a screw 183 that is threaded into the upper end of the boss. The ball 181 constitutes a detentfor cooperation with notches or depressions 185 in the rod 84 for holding said rod in any position to which it is adjusted by means of a landle 186 that is fastened to its forward en The rear end of the apparatus-in other words the burner lproper-is located within a furnace indicated conventionally in Figs. 2. 3 and 7 designated by the reference numeral 190. Supported within the furnace about the air collar 60, as by legs 191, is a hearth ring 192 that incorporates a. trough 193 which discharges through a drain pipe 194. While this drain pipe may lead to any suitable receiver. it is preterabi carried form wardly and so arranged as toy `ischarge' into the oil reservoir 187, as indicated in 1t. This will be recognized as an emergency measure to take care of any oil expelled from the burner and not ignited. Seats 195 are formed on the ring 192, and sustained by these seats is an annular hearth plate 19S that is surmounted by the hearth proper 198, and a cylindrical wall 199 that surrounds the hearth, both the hearth and said wall being formed of suitable refractory material.

When the apparatus is in use, fuel oil occupies the chamber or compartment 24 of the housing 15 and stands at substantially the level indicated by the dotted line o in Fig. 7, this level being established, as previously mentioned, by the overflow 141 in the fuel oil reservoir 135. Lubricating oil stands within the chamber or compartment 25 at substantially the height designated by the dotted line 7;, that prevailing Within the tank 170. With the motor 129 running, the fuel oil pump 132 is maintained feed, to the chamber 137, oil derived, under certain obvious conditions. exclusively Jfrom the main source of supply through the. pipe or conduit 145; under other conditions, eX- clusively trom the quantity of excess oil in the receptacle 140; while at other times and under the conditions usually prevailing the oil is drawn 'from both said source and said quantity oit excess oil present in the receptacle 140.

' The action of the motor 129 is also transmitted through the shaft section 127, shaft 116, bevei gear 118 and bevel pinion 38 to the burner tube 35, causing said tube to revolve at a high rate ofspeed about the stationary oil elevating screw 75. tion between the tube and the fuel oil causes the latter to whirl and ascend through the threads of the screw. and thus be positively raised within the tube.4 The oil, thus fed upwardly within the tube. finds its way,

through the bore'of the 'head45 and through the grooves or channels 101 in the shank 92,

this level being established by in operation to constantly The attraction or fricto the interior of the burner cup 50, and as it reaches the upper end of the head 45 it 1s hurled radially by centrifugal action across the bottom wall of the cup and up the sides and from the rim of the cup in a thin, substantially horizontal sheet across the hearth 198 toward the wall 199. It may be explained that the rate of feed of fuel oil by the screw 75 is always less than the maximum rate at which said oil can be discharged into the burner cup 50, and as a consequence of this there is no tendency for the oil to enter the shield 90 through the hollow shank 92 thereof. Vhile the fuel oil is being fed as above described, air is also being drawn in through the openings 61 in the body portion of the air collar by means of the fan blades 58 and said air escapes into the combustion space in immediate contact with the fuel oil. By reason of the shape ofthe fan blades 58, which is best shown in Fig. 16. the air is directed substantially horizontally across the lip or bead of the air collar and over the hearth. This result is attained .by curving the blades adjacent their upperl ends, as shown. The curved or cupped portions of the blades, with the contiguous outwardly Haring portion of the burner cup deflect radially the ardrawn in and impelled axially of the cup by the inclined lower ends of the blades. This design insures very high efficiency and is peculiarly suited to the purpose at hand. Y Y

Suitable ignition means, shown in the present instance as a. gas fired pilot burner 250, is located within the combustion space for lighting the oil (see Fig. 3).

In considering the action of the burner, attention should be given the shape of the hearth as best disclosed in the vertical sections of Figs. 2 and 3. The air is impelled outwardly at high velocity above the horizonal bed of the. hearth and against the upwardly curved rim of the same which serves to deflect the air current into the sheet of oil hurled by the burner cup against the inclined ledge 198a of the hearth. The impinging of the air against the curved rim of the hearth retards the velocity of the air to a point where combustion can take place, and due to this drop in velocity, the process of combustion proceeds quietly. It will be seen from this that the flame occurs about the edge of the hearth and rises along the inner side of the wall 199. Hence the location and arrangement of the pilot burner shown in Fig. 3.

The quantity of air supplied to the combustion space may be regulated accurately by adjusting the air collar vertically by means of the rod 7 3 through the instrumentality of a key or wrench applied to the head 179 thereof. As the rod is rotated it shifts the block 72 by reason of its screw connection therewith and, through said block, swings the lever 69 on its pivot 70. This results inthe ring 63 being rotated so that the pins 66 and screw 67 carried thereby, are adjusted within the cam grooves 64 so as', to lraise or lower the air collar.

Air is also admitted to the interior of the burner cup through the air ducts 52. A part of this air travels with the oil upwardly along the wall of the cup between it and the shell 91, thus tending to maintain the cup cool, and this end is further advanced by a part of the air that enters through the ducts 52 passing upwardly through the holes 97 into the deilector 95. The deflector compels said air to rise to an elevation immediately below the cover 93 before it is thrown outwardly by the fan blades 98 into the upper end of the space between the detlector and shell 91 from which it escapes through the holes 99 in the cover and the holes 100 in the shell. The cover and shell are thus prevented from becoming unduly heated, and the air thuS- supplied above the cup assists in promoting.

combustion.

The quantity of oil fed to the cup is determined by the adjustment of the oil elevating screw 75, and this is accomplished by means of the rod 84 that is adapted to be rotated by the handle 186 from a point forwardly of the bed 1. As previously stated, the rod is held in the various positions to which it is adjusted by means of the ball 181. As the rod is rotated it swings the crank 85 which, through the link 86, rocks the lever 81 to raise and lower the oil elevating screw 75 through the intervention of the rod 79. To prevent any tendency of the forward end of the rod 79 from swinging to the side and thus imposing lateral thrust on the screw 75, the forward end of the rod is guided within a slot in a post 200 that depends from the horizontal portion of the partition 23. If for any reason it becomes desirable to remove the oil elevating screw 7 5, the shield 90 is lifted from the cup 50 and the upper end of the rod 87 is grasped and turned in a direction to align the slot 77 in the lower end of the elevating screw with the reduced portion 78 of the rod 79 when the elevating screw may be withdrawn vertically from the burner tube 35.

While the fuel oil is being fed as above described from the chamber 24 to the burner cup, the lubricating oil in the chamber 25 is being agitated by the action of the gear 118 Aand pinion 38 so that the samev isthroughly distributed to all moving parts and bearings located within the burner housing between the two oil arresters 28 and 111. To safeguard against leakage of lubricating oil from the chamber 25 to chamber 24, the sleeve 41 is provided. The saine rises above the lubrieating oil level, and its open top is protected from splashed oil by the overhanging shell, 39.

Very satisfactory results are obtaimsa bj.'

the use of t-he simplified form ot shield 90 that is illustrated in Fig. 18 where the same is shown as consisting of a shell 205 to the upper end of' which is applied a cover 206, and which has attached, as by rivet-s 20T to its bottom wall, a shank 208. In this case there is no ventilation of the unit itself, but it serves, as in the former case, to maintain the air entering through the ducts or passageways in close proximity to the wall of thc cup 50.

ln the form of cup so far described, the oil rises through the head l5 and passes immediately over the upper edge thereof onto the bottom wall of the cup. A different efi'ect is accomplished through the constructions illustrated in Figs. 1-9 and 20. In the case of the construction illustrated in Fig. 19. the oil rises through the burner tube and then passes outwardly through ports 210 and upwardly therefrom through hollow screws 211 into the burner cup 212, said screws serving to unite the burner cup to the head 213. The bottom of the cup is spaced from the head by means of washers 214 that surround the screws-211, and air is admitted to the cup through the space between its bottom and said head. rhus, while the oil is rising through the bores of the screws 211, air is being continuously supplied through said space and it, with the oil, sweeps upwardly across the wall of the cup and escapes from the rim thereof into the combustion space. Then the rotation of the cup is stopped, any oil remaining on its wall will flow hack by gravity and drip over the inner edge of its bottom wall into an annular groove 215, from which it is discharged through a port 216 into the burner tube.

Much the same effect is accomplished in the construction illustrated in Fig. 20. where the corresponding parts are designated by like reference characters. ln this case, however. a deflector 22() extends outwardly from the top of the head 213 over the screws 211 and has its edge portion flanged downwardly and slightly inwardly. This effects a more thoiwir ough intercommingling of the air and oil as the latter is thrown outwardly from the bores ot the screws 211,'and the air is entrained inr:dij: through the space between the bot the cup and the adjacent euri `d 213. upwardly about the .a oi the cup bottom and thence outwardly from beneath the edge portion ot the plate 220 to travel. with the oil, upwardly across the wall ot the cup to be discharged into the combustion space. 'The drain in this ease is substantially the same as in the t'orm illustrated in Fig. 19. y i

ln the form of cup illustrated in Figs. 2l and the bottom wall of the cup 225 is fastened. by tubular rivets 22o. to the head 22T, the bottom wall of the cup being spaced.

' from said head by Vwashers 228 that sur-I round the rivets 226. As appears from Fig. 22, three rivets are shown for securing the cup to the head. and their bores lead into passageways 229 that enter the interior of the head and, intermediate their communication with said interior and with the bores of the rivets have valve seats 230 wherewith ball check valves 231 are adapted to engage when said balls are slung outwardly by centrifugal force when the cup is spinning. lVliile this device is in operation the oil rises upwardly through the burner tube 35 and through the head 227, travellingr upwardly along the wall of the head and escaping over the top edge of said wall to the bottom portion of the burner cup. Air, in the meantime, is admit-ted through the space between the bottom ofthe cup andthe opposed surface ofthe head 227, the air and oil, thus entering in very close proximity to each other, mix as they are thrown outwardly and upwardly along the wall of the cup and escape in thoroughly mixed condition from the edge ofthe cup, the oil being thus very effectively atomized for mixture with the main body of air that is drawn inwardly by mean-s of the fan blades 58. lllllien the rotation of the cup is stopped, the balls 231 drop away from the seats 230 and any oil that has been left upon the wall of the cup drains downwardly through the bores of the hollow rivets 226 into the passageways 229 and to the interior ot' the head 227. l

Substantially the same effect as that just described is realized through the construction illustrated in Fig. 23. The only material difference between this construction-and that illustrated in Figs. 21 and 22 is the substitution of tubes 235 for the ball check valves 231. These tubes connect with the passageways 229, and when the burner is in operation the oil flowing upwardly along the inner wall of the head 227 passes about said tubes 235 and thence over the top edge of said wall into the cup where it mixes with the air that is drawn in beneath the bottom wall of the cup. lVhen the operation of the burner is stopped, the oil remaining on the wall of the cup will flow back through the bores of the rivets 226, the passageways 229, and the tubes 235 to the burner tube 35;

-eans are preferably included for stopping the operation ot the apparatus in case the valve 152 should fail to open for any reason and the receptacle 140 overflow land flood the compartment 138. According to the present embodiment, the means for accomplishing this end consists of a mercury switch 251 (Fig. la) that is mountedon a lever 252, pivoted on a stud 253 that projects from a 'all ofthe compartment 138 and which level' is adapted to be rocked by a float 254 connected thereto when the float is lifted by an iaccumulation of oil in said compartment.

The switch proper comprises a closed vessel containing a quantity of mercury that normally bridges two contact points enclosed 1n ,the vessel and included in the motor circuit,

th'ereby to maintain said circuit closed, when the vessel occupies the position imparted to it by the depressed condition of the float. Upon the rise of the float, the vessel is tilted and the mercury withdraws from the Contact points and opens the motor circuit. Mercury switches of this character are common in the art and will be readily understood by those familiar with the subject at hand.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is:

1. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a housing containing a liquid fuel chamber, a cylindrical burner tube supported with its lower end in said chamber, a cylindrical liquid fuel feeding screw disposed within said tube, the tube and screw cooperating to lift the liquid fuel from said chamber upon relative rotation of the screw and tube, means for creating relative rotation between the screw and tube, and means for effecting a relative longitudinal adjustment between tube and screw to iegulate the-quantity of fuel lifted.

2. In a burner of the class described, the

combination of a housing containing a liquid fuel chamber, a cylindrical burner tube supported with its lower end in saidchamber, 'a cylindrical liquid fuel feeding screw disposed within said tube and having an upward extension devoid of threads guided within the tube, the tube and screw cooperating to lift the liquid fuel from said chamber upon relative rotation of the screw and tube, a liquid fuel discharging unit communicatin with the upper end of said tube, means or creating relative rotation between the screw and tube, and means for effecting a relative longitudinal adjustment between tube and screw to regulate the quantity of fuel lifted.

3. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a housing containing a liquid fuel chamber, a cylindrical burner tube rotatably supported with its lower end in said chamber, a liquid fuel discharging unit carried by the upper end of said tube, a cylindrcal'liquid fuel elevating screw disposed within said tube and about which the tube rotates, means for rotating the tube, and means for adjusting the screw longitudinally 0'."v the tube to regulate the quantity of liquid elevated.

4. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a housing containing a liquid fuel chamber, a burner tube rotatably supported with its lower end in said chamber, a liquid fuel discharging unit carried by the upper end of said tube, a liquid fuel elevating screw vertically adjustable within said tube and about which the tube rotates, means for rotating the tube, adjusting meansvwithin the liquid fuelchamber,separableconnections between the liquid fuel elevating screw and said adjusting means, and a member rising from said screw and accessible from above the burner tube forA disconnecting the screw from said adjusting means and withdrawing the screw from the tube.

5. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a housing containing a liquid fuel chamber, a burner tube rotatably supported with its lower end in said chamber, a liquid fuel discharging unit carried by the upper end of said tube, a liquid fuel elevating screw vertically adjustable within said tube and about which the tube rotates, means for rotating the tube, and adjusting means within the liquid fuel chamber having a part situated below the burner tube and extending transversely of the axis thereof, the screw having an extension operatively connected to said part.

6. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a housing containing a liquid fuel chamber, a burner tube rotatably supported with its lower end in said chamber, a liquid fuel discharging unit carried by the upper end of said tube, a liquid fuel elevating screw vertically adjustable within said tube and about which the tube rotates, means for rotating the tube, adjusting means within the liquid fuel chamber having a part below the burner tube and extending transversely of the axis thereof, the screw having an extension that is notched upwardly' from its lower end to receive said part and provided with a transverse bore whose axis is at an angle to the axis of a notch and which bore is adapted to be occupied by said part thereby to effect an interlocking connection between the ,screw and adjusting means.

7. In a burner of the classdescribed, the combination of a.housing containing a liquid fuel chamber, a burner tuberotatably supported with its lower end in said chamber, a liquid fuel discharging unit carried by the upper end of said tube, aliquid fuel elevating screw vertically adjustable within said tube and about which the tube rotates, means for rotating the tube, an adjusting member extending from outside the housing into the liquid fuel chamber and having a part disposed below the burner tube, and a guide for maintaining said part transversely of the axis of the tube, the liquid fuel eleva-ting screw having an extension through which operative connection is effected between said screw and the aforesaid part of the adjusting member.

8. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a housing having a partition dividing its interior into a lubricant chamber and a liquid fuel chamber, a burner tube having a part disposed within the lubricant chamber and whose lower end occupies an opening in said partition so that the tube communicates with the liquid fuel chamber, a sleeve surrounding the burner tube and sealed to the partition about said opening and rising above the maximum lubricant level of the lubricant chamber, said sleeve being spaced from the burner tube, and a second sleeve between the first sleeveand the burner tube and having its upper end spaced below the corresponding end of the first sleeve, there being an opening through which the space between said sleeves communicates with the liquid fuel chamber.

9. In a burner of the class described, the combination of a supporting structure, one end of which is adapted to be placed in a furnace, a burner tube rotatably supported by the end of said structure that is adapted to be placed in a substantially vertical position, a liquid fuel discharging unit carried by the upper end of said tube, means for rotating the tube, means for supplying liquid fuel to the tube, means disposed within the tube and with respect to which the tube is rotatable for effecting, by reason of relative rotation between said parts, an upward feeding of the liquid fuel within the tube, the last mentioned means being axially adjustable with respect to the tube to govern the quantity of fuel fed, and means accessible adjacent the other end of the supporting structure for adjusting said feeding means.

10. In apparatus of the class described, the

combination of a burner cup having a hollow hub through which liquid fuel is fed to the cup, and a member disposed within the cup and having a stem fitting into the hollow hub, there being a passageway. about said stem for the passage of liquid fuel.

11. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a burner cup having a tubular hub whose bore converges downwardl and through which liquid fuel is fed to the cup, and a member disposed within the cup and having a stem provided with a tapered portion that fits into the downwardly converging borev of the hub, there being passageways about said stem for the passage of liquid fuel.

12. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a burner cup having a tubular hub through which liquid fuel is fed to the cup, a portion of the bore of said hub having ajdownwardly converging wall, and a member disposed within the cup and havin a stem provided with a tapered head that fits the converging wall of the bore, said head being grooved for the passage of liquid fuel.

13. In apparatus of the class described, a burner cup comprisin a shell having an annular bottom wall, ahead having a hollow hub and a part to which the annular bottom wall of the shell is applied, and hollow connecting members securing the shell to the head and providing air admitting openings.

14. In apparatus of the class described, a burner cup comprisingA a shell having an annular bottom wall, a head having a hollow hub and a part to which the bottom wall of the shell is applied, hollow rivets extending through said bottom wall and connecting the shell to the head, and an air deflector disposed within the shell in spaced relation to the wall thereof.

15. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with a burner cup having openings in its bottom wall for the admission, respectively, of liquid fuel and air, and an air controlling member within the cup, said member consisting of a shell so arranged and constructed as to preclude the admission of liquid fuel thereto and whose wall is in spaced relation to the wall of the cup, said shell having air admitting openings adjacent the bottom of the cup.

l. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with a burner cup having openings in its bottom wall for the admission, respectively, of liquid fuel and air, and an air controlling member within the cup, said member consisting of a shell so arranged and constructed as to preclude the admission of liquid fuel thereto and whose wall is in spaced relation to the wall of the cup, said -shell having air admitting openings adjacentthe bottom of the cup and near the rim thereof.

17. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with a burner cup having openings in its bottom wall for the admission, respectively, of liquid fuel and air, and an air cont-rolling member within the cup, said member consisting of a shell so arranged and constructed as to preclude the admission of liquid fuel thereto and whose wall is in spaced relation to the wall of the cup, and a cover applied to said shell, the shell having y air admitting openings adjacent the bottom of the cup and the cover havingair emitting openings near its periphery.

18. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with a burner cup, means for admitting liquid fuel and air to the cup adjacent the bottom thereof, and an air controlling member within the cup, said member consisting of a shell whose wall is in spaced relation to the wall of the cup and a cover applied to the shell, and fan blades on the interior of said member adjacent the junction of the cover and shell, the member having g air admitting openings near the bottom of the cup and air emitting openings adjacent the periphery of the member.

19. In apparatus of the class described, .the combination with a burner cup, means for admitting liquid fuel and air to the cup adjacent the bottom thereof, and an air controlling member within the cup, said member consisting of a shell whose wall is in spaced relation to the wall of the cup and a sleeve rising from the bottom of the shell to about the plane of the upper end thereof, said member having air admitting openings through Ieo which the bottom portion of the cup communicates with the interior of said sleeve.

20. In apparatus of the class described, the combination with a burner cup, means for admitting liquid fuel and air,to the cup adjacent the bottom thereof, and an air controlling member within the cup, said member consisting of a shell whose wall is in spaced relation to the wall of the cup, a sleeve rising from the bottom of the shell to about the plane of the top thereof, a. cover applied to the top of the shell and spaced above the upper end of the sleeve, fan blades inside said member at the junction of the cover and shell, said member having air admitting openings through which the bottom portion of the cup communicates with the interior of the sleeve and air emitting openings adjacent the periphery of the member.

2l. In apparatus of the class` described, the

combination of a tubular head supported for rotation on a substantially vertical axis, a burner cup having an annular bottoni wall applied to said head, the cup being adapted to receive its oil supply through the tubular head, tubular fastening members extending through the bottom wall of the cup and attaching the cup to the head, said members providing air admitting openings for the cup, and an air controlling member within the cup comprising a stem having a part litting within the bore of the tubular head, a shell secured to said stem and having its wall spaced from the wall of the cup, a cover applied to said shell, the cover and shell having air emitting apertures adjacent their peripheral portions, fan blades within the shell and located adjacent the junction between the cover and shell, and a sleeve rising from the bottom of the shell to an elevation adjacent the cover, there being openings through which the interior of the sleeve communicates with the bottom portion of the cup.

22. In an apparatus of the class described, a burner cup, and a plurality of fan blades disposed about the exterior thereof, the end portions of said blades toward the base of the cup being inclined to the cups axis while their opposite end portions are curved, the chords of the curved portions of the blades extending substantially parallel to the axis of the cup.

23. In apparatus of the class described, a burner cup consisting of a shell whose rim portion is flared outwardly, and a plurality of fan blades disposed about the exterior thereof. the end portions of said blades toward the base of the cup being inclined to the cups axis while their opposite end portions are shaped to approximately fit the outwardly flared rim portion of the cup and curved with the chords of said curved portion extending substantially parallel to the axis of the cup.

24. In apparatus of the class described, a burner cup, a ring surrounding the same anfl fixed thereto, an a plurality of fan blades secured to said ring, the end portions of said blades toward the base of the cup being inl clined to the cups axis while their opposite end portions are curved, the chords of the curved ortions of the blades extending substantia ly parallel to the axis of the cup.

25. In apparatus of the class described, a burner cup consisting of a shell whose rim portion is flared outwardly, a spider secured to the base of the cup, a ring surrounding the cup and supported by the spider between the base and rim of the cup, and a plurality of fan blades secured to the ring.

26. In apparatus of the class described, a burner cup consisting of a shell whose rim portion is flared outwardly, a spider secured to the base of the cup, a ring surrounding the cup supported by the spider between the base and rim of the cup, and a plurality of fan blades secured to the ring and having their end portions toward the base of the cup inclined to the cups axis while their opposite end portions are shaped approximately to the outwardly flared rim portion of the cup and curved with the chords of said curved portions extending substantially parallel to the axis of the cup.

27. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a cup having means adjacent its bottom wall for admitting liquid fuel, mechanism for spinning the cup thereby to cause the fuel to ascend the side wall of the cup and be hurled from the rim thereof by centrifugal force, a member within the cup having its surface in relatively closely spaced relation to the side wall of the cup, and means supporting said member, said supporting means being so situated as to leave unobstructed the entire space between the member and the cup outwardly beyond where the liquid fuel is admitted to the cup.

28. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a burner cup having openings in its bottom wall for the admission of liquid fuel and air, and a deflector removably supported within the cup and comprising a sheet metal shell whose wall is in spaced relation to the wall of the cup, and a sheet metal cover having its peripheral portion interengaged with and thus secured to the corresponding portion of the shell.

29. An oil burner comprising a vertically journaled centrifugal atomizer having an outwardly flared discharge nozzle, means for delivering fuel oil onto the inner surface of the atomizer, a cover disposed above said atomizer, fan vanes between said cover and said atomizer arranged to draw air from said atomizer by centrifugal force, air inlet tubes admitting air to the lower portion of the atomizer and an air conducting stem mounted adjacent and above the inner end of said tubes and extending upwardly through the atomizer for receiving air from said inlet tubes and delivering it to said fan vanes.

30. An oil burner comprising a vertically journaled centrifugal atomizer having an outwardly Hared discharge nozzle, means for delivering fuel oil onto the inner surface of -the atomizer, air intake tubes extending into .the interior of the atomizer for admitting air tothe lower end of the atomizer and preventing the air passing thereinto from engagement with the fuel oil, fan means above the atomizer and a hollow stem providing an air confining passageway from said .fan tothe lower portion of said atomizerv adjacent the 

